Category: Uncategorized

MYCOTOXIN MANAGEMENT: FROM ANALYSIS TO FEED PROTECTION

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Man wearing safetyglasses and female working in laboratory at Olus in Hasselt. For making science-based feed additves.

Mycotoxins remain one of the most persistent challenges in agricultural commodities used for animal feed. They are often invisible, highly variable, and difficult to manage without reliable feed analysis.

In 2024, we published an article about mycotoxin management with feed additives, explaining how mycotoxins can affect feed quality, animal performance, and overall production results. Since then, we have continued to challenge and develop our own approach.

That led to a new research question:
How can the analysis of animal feed samples be used to provide reliable recommendations on the use of Olus®Tox additives to help manage mycotoxin-related risks in feed?

BUTYRIC ACID DELIVERY MATTERS: OLUS®C4 IN POULTRY AND SWINE

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In poultry and swine production, gut-health conversations often start when the signs are already there. Wet litter. Uneven flocks. Poor starter intake. Post-weaning setbacks.

By that point, the pressure may have been building for days.

The practical question is not only which additive is added to the ration. More relevant is whether the functional component is delivered in a way that fits the animal, the phase and the challenge. That question becomes even more important in markets where heat, humidity, raw material variation, feed cost pressure and antibiotic-reduction programs all meet in the same ration.

INSIDE THE OLUS LAB: QUALITY CONTROL IN PRACTICE

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In feed additives, quality is easy to claim. The real question is whether that quality is consistent, measurable, and repeatable under practical conditions.

What does that actually look like when a bulk shipment arrives, production starts, and a final product is released? To make this tangible, we asked our colleague Lidia, who’s responsible for quality control and works across both our laboratory and our production floor, to walk us through it. This is especially critical in fat-based products, where production complexity and raw material variability directly impact final performance.

ENERGY UTILIZATION IN LOW ENERGY DIETS

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Ross 308 white broiler chicken in a barn with a blue shadow

You want to unlock the energy that is already in your fat-rich diet. In poultry and swine production, efficient fat digestion remains a key determinant of feed cost control and biological performance. Fat is the most energy-dense and expensive component in many formulations. However, its nutritional value depends entirely on how effectively the animal can digest and absorb it.

Young animals in particular often show limitations in fat utilization due to an immature digestive system and relatively low endogenous bile secretion. Under these conditions, part of the dietary fat may pass through the intestine unabsorbed, contributing to energy losses, greasy manure, and variability in performance.

 

The challenge

Why fat digestibility is your most important control variable

In poultry nutrition, efficient fat digestion is the difference between a high-performing flock and wasted feed costs. Fat is the most expensive energy source in a poultry ration. However, young birds, especially broiler chicks, struggle to process dietary fats efficiently.

Problem

Young chicks have an immature digestive system with low bile secretion. Their natural bile salt production simply cannot keep up with modern high-energy formulations, leaving 20-30% of dietary fat undigested and wasted.

 

The science of fat absorption

How fats are utilized: a three-phase process

For dietary fat to be utilized, it must pass through three physiological steps:

  1. Emulsification
    Large fat globules are broken into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area available for enzymatic action.
  2. Hydrolysis
    Lipase enzymes split triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids, molecules the intestine can actually absorb.
  3. Micelle formation
    These digestion products are incorporated into micelles that transport lipids across the intestinal wall into the bloodstream.

When emulsification is suboptimal, the entire downstream process becomes less efficient, especially in young birds and piglets or in diets rich in saturated fats. Birds produce natural bile salts for emulsification, but young chicks’ immature systems create a bottleneck. Standard micelle formation cannot bridge this gap because it lacks the chemical structure for efficient micelle formation in the aqueous (water-based) environment of the chick’s gut.

 

Not all lysolecithins are the same

While many products are marketed under the broad umbrella of “lysolecithins,” their efficacy in a broiler’s gut depends heavily on their chemical “fingerprint.”

The quality and performance of a lysolecithin product are generally dictated by three main factors: the degree of conversion, the phospholipid profile, and the carrier system

  1. The Degree of Hydrolysis: Standard lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids (PC, PE, PI). To create lysolecithin, an enzyme (phospholipase A2) snips off one fatty acid chain.
    • Partial Hydrolysis: If the conversion is low, the product behaves more like standard lecithin—good for food texture, but weak for fat digestion in a bird.
    • High Hydrolysis: A high conversion rate creates a higher concentration of lysophospholipids, which are significantly more “water-loving” (hydrophilic) and effective at forming the small micelles needed for absorption.
  2. The HLB Value (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance): This is the “gold standard” for measuring emulsifier strength.
    A table of parameters in standard lecithin and high-quality lysolecithin
  3. The Phospholipid Profile
    Not all “Lyso” molecules are equal. The specific ratio of the following determines the biological activity:
    • Lyso-Phosphatidylcholine (LPC): The “heavy hitter” for improving membrane permeability and nutrient absorption.
    • Lyso-Phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE): Excellent for helping stabilize the emulsion.
    • Lyso-Phosphatidylinositol (LPI): Often plays a role in cell signaling within the gut wall.

Overview of the four key phospholipids in lysolecithin. A explanation about LPC, LPE, LPA, LPI and their relative importance and primary role in animal nutrition.

Crucial Difference: Some lower-grade products are simply “modified lecithins” or blends with high amounts of carrier oil. High-tier lysolecithins maximize the LPC content, which is the most expensive but most effective component for poultry growth.

 

Why Olus®Digest is different

The lysolecithin advantage

While birds produce natural bile salts for emulsification, young chicks often have an immature digestive system with low bile secretion. Olus®Digest differs from standard soy lecithin because it has undergone enzymatic hydrolysis (removing one fatty acid chain).

Micelle formation after use of Elan Digest.

 

Key technical benefits

  • Higher HLB Value: Olus®Digest has a higher Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) than standard lecithin. This makes it much more effective at stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions in the gut.
  • Smaller Micelles: It facilitates the formation of smaller, more stable micelles, which speeds up the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and pigments.
  • Membrane Permeability: Beyond emulsification, Olus®Digest can modify the fluidity of the intestinal cell membranes, making it easier for nutrients to pass through.

 

Impact on poultry performance

 

Practical application

Olus®Digest is most effective in:

  • Starter Diets: Where bile salt production is the limiting factor.
  • High-Density Diets: For broilers requiring rapid growth.
  • Saturated Fat Diets: When using vegetable acid oils or animal fats that are naturally harder to emulsify.

Efficient fat digestion is not guaranteed by fat inclusion alone. It depends on the animal’s physiological capacity, diet composition, and the effectiveness of the emulsification process in the gut. Well-characterized lysophospholipids can support this process. Olus®Digest is developed to help nutritionists improve fat utilization consistency under modern commercial conditions.

 

 

Muhammad Suleman, a Pakistani man with black hair wearing a black shirt with an Olus logo, in front of a sustainability-themed feature wall in the office at Hasselt the Netherlands.

About the author

Muhammad Suleman – Regional Manager | Southeast Asia and Middle East 

Muhammad Suleman, Regional Manager for Southeast Asia and the Middle East, joined the Olus team in 2023. His involvement with Olus brings a wealth of experience and a deep passion for the poultry industry. With years of experience and extensive knowledge of the complexities of poultry farming, Muhammad has a deep understanding of the market. Within Olus, he is actively involved in developing new feed additives and exploring nutritional strategies to improve gut health and performance in a sustainable way.

Reach out to Muhammad today for personalized guidance.

 

OLUS®DIGEST IN SHRIMP DIETS SHOWS IMPRESSIVE RESULTS

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Photo of pink shrimps with a blue shadow to mark the Olus brand.

Olus®Digest supplementation of shrimp diets improves energy utilization and protein digestibility as well as the absorption of astaxanthin, an important source of carotenoids for shrimp. Thereby, Olus®Digest enhances production performance and carcass coloring of shrimp. These effects were demonstrated in several scientific papers.

Olus®Digest is a source of lysophospholipids. Its effect on dietary supplementation was tested at an inclusion level of 2 kg/ton on production performance in juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a six-week trial.

 

Materials & methods

  • 800 shrimp were placed in 40 net baskets (20 shrimp per basket).
  • At the start, shrimp body weight was around 1 g. All baskets were placed in two tanks, so all baskets had the same water quality and temperature.
  • The water quality in the tanks was maintained with bioflocs, and temperature between 26.5 and 27.5oC with a heat pump.
  • Each basket was equipped with an automatic feeder. Shrimp were fed continuously. Feed supply (as a % of biomass) was adjusted based on expected growth rate and the measured average weekly biomass increase.
  • Shrimp were weighed and counted per basket at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. At the end of the trial at 42 days of age, shrimp were weighed individually.
  • Diets contained 40% crude protein and 8% crude fat. The control diet was fed as such or supplemented with 2 kg Olus®Digest/ton. Diets were produced with an extruder on a 2 mm die.
  • Measurements: At the end of the trial, average body weight, specific growth rate, biomass, survival rate, and FCR were calculated.

 

Results

Production performance during the 42-day production period is given in the table.

Table summarizing the effects of Elan®Digest supplementation in shrimp diets compared with a control diet. Parameters shown include final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), biomass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality. Elan®Digest supplementation resulted in higher final body weight (+12.7%), SGR (+8.1%), biomass (+14.9%), and feed intake (+4.6%), and a lower FCR (−12.2%). Most differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while mortality reduction was not significant (NS).

SGR was calculated as (ln(BW,end) − ln(BW,start)) / 42.

The basal diet contained 40% protein (2.20% lys and 1.36% “met plus cys”; mainly originating from 15.4% soybean meal, 3.6% corn gluten meal, 3.0% hemoglobin, 12.0% tuna meal and 3.6% squid meal) and 8% crude fat (from 3.3% fish oil and 1.5% soy lecithin as major sources).

Nutrient contents were according to commercial specifications. Olus®Digest was exchanged for 2 kg soy lecithin/ton feed. Final body weight, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and biomass increase were all significantly improved by dietary Olus®Digest supplementation. As Olus®Digest was added to the mash prior to extrusion, it clearly demonstrated that Olus®Digest is thermostable under extrusion conditions. Shrimp body weight at 42 days was enhanced by 12.7%, and specific growth rate by 8.1%, indicating both improved energy and protein utilization, where feed conversion ratio was improved by 12.2%. Olus®Digest was proven effective in shrimp diets. Mortality rate was rather high, and numerically reduced by Olus®Digest supplementation.

 

Conclusions

Supplementation of extruded shrimp diets with 2 kg Olus®Digest/ton in exchange for soy lecithin significantly enhanced production performance as was shown in juvenile shrimp up to 42 days of age.

 

About the author

Prof. Jan Dirk van der Klis – Consultant Animal Nutrition

Prof. Jan Dirk van der Klis is a renowned poultry consultant with a PhD in Animal Nutrition from Wageningen University. Throughout his career, Jan Dirk has made noteworthy contributions to the industry. With his extensive expertise, he is offering valuable nutritional guidance to enhance the health and productivity of poultry. Jan Dirk’s profound knowledge and experience are pivotal in meeting the specific nutritional requirements of poultry and devising effective feeding strategies to yield optimal results. Since 2019, Jan Dirk has been working with Olus.

Would you like to discuss how optimized fat digestion can support shrimp performance? Contact us for technical insights on Olus®Digest.

 

IMPROVE RESILIENCE AGAINST COCCIDIOSIOS FOR A STRONGER BOTTOM LINE IN POULTRY

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Coccidiosis is a major economic threat to poultry production in Southeast Asia. Fueled by tropical climate (heat and humidity), biosecurity pressure, and increasing resistance to traditional anticoccidial drugs, it can cause significant losses. These losses manifest through reduced growth, impaired feed conversion, and mortality in chickens.

In this context, effective control increasingly relies on integrated strategies combining hygiene, management, and natural alternatives like phytobiotics and vaccines.

Beyond poultry, coccidial challenges are also reported in aquaculture systems, including species such as Asian sea bass, underlining the broader relevance of intestinal health management in warm and humid regions.

 

Impact of coccidiosis in poultry production

Coccidiosis affects broilers, layers, and breeders and represents a major economic drain for poultry production. Infected flocks commonly show stunted growth, poor feed conversion, diarrhea, and an increased susceptibility to secondary infections such as necrotic enteritis. A 2021 survey showed that 94% of poultry professionals in Asia reported coccidiosis as a significant contributor to production costs, with substantial estimated annual losses, including approximately USD 478 million in Indonesia and USD 406 million in Thailand.

Under field conditions, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima are frequently identified, often occurring as mixed infections, which increases intestinal damage and complicates control strategies. Despite intensive production systems, coccidiosis remains difficult to control due to the environmental persistence of oocysts, climatic pressure, and the reduced efficacy of traditional anticoccidial drugs.

Beyond its direct impact on performance, coccidiosis plays a critical role in predisposing poultry flocks to secondary intestinal diseases.

 

Coccidiosis and Clostridium perfringens coinfection in poultry

A costly combination

Coccidiosis and Clostridium perfringens coinfection represents a significant health and economic challenge in poultry production, frequently resulting in necrotic enteritis (NE). Coccidial infection acts as a primary predisposing factor for clostridial overgrowth.

 

The disease process explained

Primary trigger: Coccidiosis (Eimeria spp.)

These protozoan parasites invade and destroy the epithelial cells lining the host’s intestinal tract. This causes physical damage, inflammation, and impaired nutrient absorption (malabsorption).

Secondary effect: Clostridium perfringens proliferation

Clostridium perfringens is a normal resident of the poultry gut at low levels. The intestinal damage caused by Eimeria infection creates an ideal environment for this bacterium to proliferate rapidly.

Increased nutrient availability

Damaged epithelial cells leak plasma proteins, while the host produces excess mucus. Both provide a protein-rich substrate that supports rapid growth of C. perfringens.

Shift in gut microbiota

Coccidiosis alters the intestinal microbiome by lowering concentrations of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp. and butyrate-producing organisms, which normally help suppress pathogenic bacteria.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) development

Rapid proliferation of C. perfringens leads to toxin production, including NetB toxin, resulting in severe inflammation, intestinal necrosis, bloody diarrhea, reduced performance, and increased mortality rates.

 

The value of investing in gut health

While it may seem counterintuitive to invest in gut health when flocks appear clinically healthy, the old adage “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” rings especially true in poultry farming. Investing in proactive gut health measures is a smart financial decision that can pay dividends in the long run.

Given the direct link between coccidial intestinal damage, clostridial overgrowth, and performance losses, proactive gut health management represents a sound economic strategy.

From an economic perspective, proactive gut health management supports:

  • More stable feed efficiency
  • Improved resilience during disease pressure
  • Reduced reliance on therapeutic interventions

In this context, prevention is not an expense, but a strategic investment.

 

How Olus®Cox liquid supports profitable poultry performance

Within an integrated gut health strategy, nutritional support plays a key role in mitigating the impact of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenges.

 

Olus®Cox liquid:

  • Supports resilience against coccidiosis without directly targeting oocysts, allowing compatibility with coccidiosis vaccination programs, particularly in breeders and layers.
  • Provides antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium spp., supporting intestinal balance during coccidial challenges.
  • Unlike traditional anticoccidials (e.g. amprolium), which act only on coccidia, Olus®Cox liquid is positioned to support multiple aspects of intestinal health.
  • Helps maintain feed intake during periods of intestinal stress.
  • Supports immune function as part of an integrated gut health strategy.

Target application

For coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenges.

Composition

A carefully designed blend of essential oils, plant extracts, vitamin E, dextrose, and electrolytes.

 

Note on aquaculture

While this article focuses on poultry production, intestinal protozoal challenges are also reported in aquaculture systems, particularly in warm and humid regions of Southeast Asia. In species such as Asian sea bass, intestinal health challenges can negatively affect feed intake, nutrient utilization, and overall performance. Although the underlying pathogens and disease mechanisms differ from poultry coccidiosis, the economic principle remains the same: maintaining intestinal integrity and microbial balance is essential for consistent performance and efficient feed utilization under commercial aquaculture conditions.

Integrated management strategies, including biosecurity, nutrition, and gut health support, therefore play an increasingly important role across animal production systems.

 

Dr. Kashif, a qualified veterinarian, regional manager of Southeast Asia. He has black hair and a black beard, and stands proud smiling in front of a sustainable green wall

About the author

Dr Kashif Waqas – Regional Manager | Southeast Asia

Dr. Kashif is a qualified veterinarian with specialized expertise in monoglycerides, emulsifiers, phytobiotics and their application in animal nutrition and health. With a strong scientific approach and practical industry experience, he focuses on delivering effective, innovative solutions that enhance gut health, performance, and sustainability in livestock and aquaculture. His work bridges research and field application, supporting the advancement of modern animal production systems. 

Reach out to Dr. Kashif for guidance on integrated gut health strategies to manage coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenges in poultry.

FROM POND TO PROFIT: MONOGLYCERIDES IN SHRIMP FEED

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Shrimp with blue shadow in footer

Modern shrimp aquaculture faces two major challenges: microbial pressure, including Vibrio species, and maintaining stable intestinal condition. As global regulations move away from antibiotic use, producers seek functional feed additives that improve performance and consistency, while maintaining long-term sustainability.

Monoglycerides of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), combined with selected, plant-derived essential oils, have emerged as one of the most practical and reliable antibiotic-free strategies in shrimp nutrition.

 

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH: ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF OLUS®C12

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A lab professional wearing a white coat and blue nitrile gloves using a pipette to transfer liquid into a petri dish during a laboratory procedure.

Glycerol monolaurin is a monoglyceride with strong antibacterial effects, mainly against Gram positive bacteria like Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, and Clostridium perfringens, while being less effective against Gram negative bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella spp.

Glycerol monolaurin is the active ingredient of Olus®C12, which is used to improve intestinal health by controlling the growth of potential pathogens in the small intestine of monogastric animals. In this in vitro experiment, the minimal inhibitory concentration of Olus®C12 was determined at NPChemBio Co., Ltd. in South Korea.

 

Materials & methods

  • Olus®C12 90% was dissolved in 99.9% ethanol prior to use.
  • Each of three bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens) were inoculated onto a tryptic soy agar plate and incubated for 24h at 37°C. Single colonies were harvested and inoculated into a tryptic soy broth and incubated for 24h at 37°C. Bacterial growth was assessed by measuring the optical density (OD) at 600 nm using a spectrophotometer. A bacterial suspension was prepared by adjusting the culture to approx. 5×105 CFU/mL.
  • The test sample with Olus®C12 was serially two-fold diluted. 96 μL broth and 4 μL of the diluted sample were mixed and added to the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate. Streptomycin (10 μg/mL) was used as positive control, and 4 μL ethanol (without the test material) as negative control. Wells with only broth without bacteria or test material were used as blanks for OD correction. The microtiter plates were incubated for 24h at 37°C. After incubation, the contents of each well were thoroughly mixed to resuspend the bacteria, and the OD was measured at 600 nm. Finally, the OD values were corrected for the blank, and used to calculate bacterial growth inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowest concentration that achieves 100% growth inhibition.

In vitro results showing the effect of Elan®C12 on three bacterial species: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens.

* Product name updated from Elan® to Olus®.

In each bar graph, the positive control is given in green. Bacterial growth inhibition is shown, starting with the highest concentration of Olus®C12 at the right hand side of the bar graph, whereas the concentration is halved with each bar moving to the left. The lowest concentration that achieves full growth inhibition is the MIC value.

 

Results

Each test revealed a clear inhibition curve: the higher the concentration, the stronger the effect.

  • Clostridium perfringens: 99% inhibition at 35 µg/mL.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae: 99% inhibition at 8.75 µg/mL.
  • Staphylococcus aureus: 99% inhibition at 20 µg/mL.

These MIC values are referring to the Olus®C12 product (90% GML concentration) that was used as the test substance. No MIC values could be determined for Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella typhymurium and E.coli, up to the highest concentration tested of 70 μg/mL, 70 μg/mL and 1.48 mg/mL. Therefore, no results are reported on these Gram negative bacteria.

 

Practical relevance

Based on these MIC values, it can be calculated that a dietary dose level of Olus®C12 60% of 500 g/ton feed (i.e. 300 μg GML/mL) is adequate to limit growth of these Gram positive bacteria in the intestinal tract (assuming a water to feed ratio of 2:1).

 

Conclusion

A dietary dose level of Olus®C12 60% of 500 g/ton feed is adequate to limit growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens in the intestinal tract, whereas no MIC against Gram negative bacteria could be determined.

Learn more about how Olus®C12 can support performance — contact our team today.

 

Professor Jan Dirk van der Klis, man met krullend haar en ronde bril die een zwarte Olus blouse draagt voor een natuurlijke groene wand.About the author

Prof. Jan Dirk van der Klis – Consultant Animal Nutrition

Jan Dirk van der Klis is a renowned poultry consultant with a PhD in Animal Nutrition from Wageningen University. Throughout his career, Jan Dirk has made noteworthy contributions to the industry. With his extensive expertise, he is offering valuable nutritional guidance to enhance the health and productivity of poultry. Jan Dirk’s profound knowledge and experience are pivotal in meeting the specific nutritional requirements of poultry and devising effective feeding strategies to yield optimal results. S

 

TRIBUTYRIN FOR LAYING HENS: SUPPORT EGG PRODUCTION

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Laying hen on a nest in the grass with white eggs and some blue shaddow as graphic detail to the branding of Olus

Ever wondered how poultry farmers help laying hens perform well and produce high-quality eggs consistently? One of the exciting tools in modern poultry nutrition is Olus®C4, a tributyrin-based feed additive. Tributyrin might sound complex, but its role in poultry diets makes it clear why it’s used to support laying hens.

Muhammad spends much of his time on poultry farms. He talks to farmers, works with nutritionists, and sees what works in the field. With this hands-on perspective, he follows closely how feeding strategies influence laying hens over time. Today, he explains what tributyrin is, how it’s used in poultry feed, and why he believes Olus®C4 is worth considering in a laying hen nutrition programme. 

FROM BUTYRATE TO TRIBUTYRIN IN AQUA NUTRITION

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Photo of shrimps for the blog butyrate in aqua nutrition

In modern aquaculture, producers face growing pressure to reduce fishmeal, limit antibiotic use and improve feed efficiency: all while maintaining animal health and consistent performance. Yet plant-based diets, fluctuating water quality and high-density farming often challenge gut health, leading to inflammation, weakened immunity and poor nutrient uptake, especially in young or stressed animals. These hidden weaknesses in the digestive system directly impact growth, FCR and survival.

Nutritionists and formulators are actively searching for functional feed solutions that improve gut resilience from within, without relying on pharmaceuticals. One compound that’s gaining attention: tributyrin. This glyceride of butyric acid offers targeted support for gut health, microbiota modulation and epithelial integrity especially in species like shrimp, tilapia and carnivorous fish on low-fishmeal diets. But how to translate the science into real-world success?

A recent review by Palma et al. (2022) summarises the latest scientific evidence behind tributyrin in aqua nutrition, including its biological modes of action and species-specific results. At Olus, we see those effects reflected in practice through years of fieldwork with Olus®C4, our 60% tributyrin product on silica. In this blog, we walk you through the highlights of the review and share insights from Hai Diep, Sales Manager at Olus in Asia. With over 30 years in feed formulation he explains how tributyrin is being applied in shrimp and fish diets and how Olus®C4 fits into future-ready aqua nutrition strategies.